Why is proper plant spacing critical in landscape design?

Proper plant spacing is critical in landscape design primarily because it ensures adequate sunlight and promotes healthy growth. Plants, like all living organisms, rely on specific conditions to thrive, and proper spacing allows each plant to receive sufficient sunlight without being overshadowed by its neighbors. This is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. When plants are spaced too closely together, they may compete for light, leading to stunted growth and an increased risk of disease due to damp conditions caused by limited air circulation.

In addition to sunlight, proper spacing also improves airflow around the plants, reducing humidity levels that can promote fungal diseases. With adequate space, plants can develop their root systems properly without competing for nutrients and water, which contributes further to healthier plants and a more vibrant landscape overall. While considerations like maintenance access, visual aesthetics, and planting density are important, they enhance the overall landscape rather than fundamentally supporting the health and growth of the plants themselves.